Literature Review on What Is Strategy - 1840 Words

Introduction: Strategy and management is one of the prominent and most discussed topic in the organization and business studies. Organizations today are challenged by many factors both internal and external and need to effectively address such, which makes only possible by the organization effective leader and their strategic view to overcome and take their company into profitable, competitive, innovative and change. Further, the shift of organization from being local onto global and so the factors of cross-cultural, internationalization cross-disciplinary knowledge of geo-economy, politics, business, market, volatile competition, wide range of customer, and other globalization factors brings further complexity and encounters, hence†¦show more content†¦This reflection of decision in the particular products, and the impact on the market place. An example of an apple company strategy-An apple organization â€Å"Steve job† vision of the strategic is that, making product differentiation, innovation and strategic position, and how to change the industry. According to the competitive Advantage written by Michael Porter in 1985 ‘Creating and sustaining superior performance is Generic strategies’. Generic strategies represent the varieties in strategic positions of a company. The concept of generic strategy is divided in three parts Product differentiation, cost Leadership and Focus. According to Porters company can have a focused or broad approach on product differentiation or cost leadership, in the given article Ikea and south west airlines are an example in this Ikea is based on the needs of customer group and south west airlines is based on offering a particular service variety in cost leadership, where as Neutrogena is based on product differentiation because, it is focused on sales its product distribution in drugstores and avoid price promotion. Where as Hambrick (1983a, p. 702) argue that It is simply not accurate to say that all generic strategies are equally possible within an industry . . . any broadly generic strategy is really a composite of numerous variations, not all of which are equally suited to a given situation. As author Michael E Porter (1996) in this article argues that;Show MoreRelatedHrd Audit Literature Review683 Words   |  3 PagesLiterature Review If you believe everything you read, better not read. (Japanese Proverb) [pic] What is a literature review? A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic in the past. Its purpose is to inform the reader what has been established about a topic and what the strengths and weaknesses are. A literature review must be defined by a guiding concept and should not be a list of all the material that you can find (Porter, S. 2008, p.49). What isRead MoreStandardization in International Marketing Strategy Is Doomed to Failure: Literature Review and Methodological Critique1577 Words   |  7 PagesStandardization in International Marketing Strategy is doomed to failure: Literature review and methodological critique. 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In order to achieve this understanding, I was to review literature from respected writing scholars, namely Beaufort, Bazerman, Gee, Johns, Swales and Merriam. The literature was used to create analytical texts. These texts were to demonstrate my understanding of the literature, as well as showcase progress in achieving ENG3010 course learning outcomes. These course learning outcomes are the following: Read:  AnalyzeRead MoreThe Project Is Fine Tuning Work Done From Previous Course Work?1215 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The introduction section is designed to provide background on the research problem. Further, it provides insight for the reader as to why this problem is significant, and what the researcher’s perspectives are on the problem (Maryville University, 2012). It is in this section that the research question is clearly presented for the audience. The timeframe to complete the introduction for the capstone project has initially been outlined as seven days. The purpose for such a shortRead Moreliterature review1550 Words   |  7 PagesWriting a Literature Review A literature review†¦ †¢ Provides an overview and a critical evaluation of a body of literature relating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger researchRead MoreThe Perceived Benefits of E-Commerce the Internet Adoption Strategies for Smes1399 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review 1 The Perceived Benefits of E-Commerce The Internet Adoption Strategies for SMEs Cheng Peng North Carolina State University Professor Mordzak FLE 101 Dec.2, 2011 Literature Review 2 Introduction Due to the popularity and rapid expansion of the Internet and network technology, electronic commerce (e-commerce) has become a major activity in contemporary business operations. Today, enormous business activities are conducted online. People go online to sell and buy both

Save Us from the Bombings - 834 Words

â€Å"Idiot! Stop moving! You’ll hurt yourself more than you previously did!† My arms desperately moved around as I strained to sit up but the woman who offended me was resilient and pushed me down. I could not perceive what she looked like, my senses were blinded by bright lights as my pupils are additionally sensitive than most due to my unfortunate albinism. â€Å"It is not in the slenderest way proper or polite of you to call a wounded adolescent an ‘idiot’ while he is alarmed and utterly unaware of his surroundings. Nor is it lady-like, Elizabeta.† My eyes began to adjust to the light just enough to see the man who spoke was tall, lanky and elegantly attractive. The surprisingly strong woman, Elizabeta, wasn’t elegant in most ways. Her wavy hair was in a disorganized bun with hair pins that stood out in distinction from her tresses. She wore a commonplace kitchen dress with a floral arrangement nearly veiled from sight by dirt and residue . Even her skin and hair was layered in filth excluding her hands and apron. I struggled to talk but my throat was parched and only a pitiable whimper escaped my lips. Elizabeta looked at me, reached for a glass of water on a stand near the makeshift cot I lay on. â€Å"Here,† she held the cup to my cracking lips and tilted it. Cool water rushed down my throat and I had never been more appreciative for water in my life. It felt like cool rain finally reaching a desert damned by a 100 year drought. â€Å"You called for your brother in your sleep.Show MoreRelatedEssay On The Atomic Bomb1048 Words   |  5 Pagesmid-1945, looking for alternative ways to make Japan surrender; ultimately dropping an atomic bomb without warning was the easiest way to save as many American lives as possible. Before the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the US demanded Japan surrender or have war end in mass destruction. Japan, at this time had no idea of any new weapons that had been made by the US, or the impact they could have. Leading them to reject the request to surrender; consequently, a few days later, the first bomb was droppedRead MoreAfter the first few days of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Americans, without knowledge of1500 Words   |  6 Pages After the first few days of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Americans, without knowledge of the aftermath of these cities, began cheering and celebrating as the bombings marked the end of World War II. Also, this event showed that Americans would be the ones who would lead the world into the nuclear age. 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Millicent Garret Fawcett British Suffrage Activist

In the British campaign for woman suffrage, Millicent Garrett Fawcett was known for her constitutional approach: a more peaceful, rational strategy, in contrast to the more militant and confrontational strategy of the Pankhursts. Dates:Â  June 11, 1847 -Â  August 5, 1929Also known as: Mrs. Henry Fawcett, Millicent Garrett, Millicent Fawcett The Fawcett Library is named for Millicent Garrett Fawcett. It is the location of much archive material on feminism and the suffrage movement in Great Britain. Millicent Garrett Fawcett was the sister of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the first woman to successfully complete the medical qualifying exams in Great Britain and become a physician. Millicent Garrett Fawcett Biography Millicent Garrett Fawcett was one of ten children. Her father was both a comfortable businessman and a political radical. Millicent Garrett Fawcett married Henry Fawcett, an economics professor at Cambridge who was also a Liberal MP. He had been blinded in a shooting accident, and because of his condition, Millicent Garrett Fawcett served as his amanuensis, secretary, and companion as well as his wife. Henry Fawcett was an advocate of womens rights, and Millicent Garrett Fawcett became involved with the Langham Place Circle womens suffrage advocates. In 1867, she became part of the leadership of the London National Societies for Womens Suffrage. When Millicent Garrett Fawcett gave a speech advocating suffrage in 1868, some in Parliament denounced her action as especially inappropriate, they said, for the wife of an MP. Millicent Garrett Fawcett supported the Married Womens Property Act and, more quietly, the social purity campaign. Her husbands interests in reform in India led her to an interest in the subject of child marriage. Millicent Garrett Fawcett became more active in the suffrage movement with two events: in 1884, the death of her husband, and in 1888, the division of the suffrage movement over association with particular parties. Millicent Garrett Fawcett was a leader of the faction that supported non-alignment of the womens suffrage movement with political parties. By 1897, Millicent Garrett Fawcett had helped bring these two wings of the suffrage movement back together under the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and assumed the presidency in 1907. Fawcetts approach to winning the vote for women was one of reason and patience, based on persistent lobbying and public education. She initially supported the more visible militancy of the Womens Social and Political Union, led by the Pankhursts. When the radicals staged hunger strikes, Fawcett expressed admiration of their courage, even sending congratulations on their release from prison. But she opposed the increasing violence of the militant wing, including deliberate property damage. Millicent Garrett Fawcett focused her suffrage efforts in 1910-12 on a bill to give the vote to single and widowed female heads of household. When that effort failed, she reconsidered the alignment issue. Only the Labour Party had supported womens suffrage, and so the NUWSS aligned itself formally with Labour. Predictably, many members left over this decision. Millicent Garrett Fawcett then supported the British war effort in World War I, believing that if women supported the war effort, suffrage would naturally be granted at the end of the war. This separated Fawcett from the many feminists who were also pacifists. In 1919, Parliament passed the Representation of the People Act, and British women over the age of thirty could vote. Millicent Garrett Fawcett turned over the NUWSS presidency to Eleanor Rathbone, as the organization transformed itself into the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship (NUSEC) and worked for lowering the voting age for women to 21, the same as for men. Millicent Garrett Fawcett disagreed, however, with several other reforms endorsed by the NUSEC under Rathbone, and so Fawcett left her position on the board of NUSEC. In 1924, Millicent Garrett Fawcett was given the Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire and became Dame Millicent Fawcett. Millicent Garrett Fawcett died in London in 1929. Her daughter, Philippa Garrett Fawcett (1868-1948), excelled in mathematics and served as the principal assistant to the director of education of the London County Council for thirty years. Writings Millicent Garrett Fawcett wrote many pamphlets and articles over her lifetime, and also several books: Political Economy for Beginners, 1870, a textbookLife of Queen Victoria, 1895with E. M. Turner, Josephine Butler: Her Work and Principles, and Their Meaning for the Twentieth Century, 1927.The Womens Victory -- and After, 1920What I Remember, 1927

Trackinging And Tracking - 972 Words

The objective is to demonstrate wireless user tracking and sensing with 802.11ad for AR and VR applications. The motivation for this objective is to reduce the complex communications and computation that is standard with today’s VR systems and reduce cost by replacing/augmenting conventionally used orientation and tracking sensors. (I) Develop a working demo of real time User tracking using 802.11ad (II) Demo would support extremely high throughput (1 Gbps) over an acceptable packet loss rate while tracking a user (III) Observe and note 60 GHz link characteristics and utilize it to enhance tracking functionality (IV) Proof of concept/demo would identify possibility of replacing/augmenting contemporary orientation and positioning†¦show more content†¦To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous work which looked into utilizing 802.11ad for location, orientation and movement estimation prior to this. We divide the research plan and approach into two categories- Simulation Based and Experimental Work. The two categories do not follow a particular order i.e they can proceed independent of one another. A.Simulation Based I. Angle of Arrival estimation for varying beam widths using multiple trackers (MATLAB based). This would help establish a theoretical bound on the attainable accuracy and would serve to stand a basic reference. II. Investigate possible usage of MATLAB’s WLAN System Toolbox to aid simulation This might prove useful in later stages of the project if there is a need for 802.11ad waveform generation and simulation B. Experimental Work I. Characterize and extensively document a commercially available 60 GHz radio development kit (RDK) to gain familiarity with it and its software. The most promising solution seems to be Tensorcomm’s TC60G-USB3.0 EVK. This RDK is reasonably priced and provides access to critical parameters of interest. II. Use the RDK to characterize various 60 GHz environment which include: a long hall, a model home, an office, an auditorium and a large storage room. Measurements would first be obtained with a stationary system then evolve to a moving Rx. The main objective here is to explore various techniques to obtain

Overview Of Trocar Insertion Procedure Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(53) " responsible factors for minimising remotion forces\." 2.1 Introduction: This subdivision introduces the trocar interpolation process to the reader. The apprehension of the mechanics of this process is critical for in depth research into assorted parametric quantities involved in the interpolation procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Overview Of Trocar Insertion Procedure Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are chiefly two constituents involved in this process viz. trocar or cannula placed on top of patient and the implicit in unrecorded tissue. Due to peculiar nature of the interpolation procedure, chiefly two types of organic structure forces are applied on trocar organic structure i.e. interpolation force in longitudinal way and jumping torsion for incursion. This action can be thought to be similar to a drill being alternately rotated while perforating a stuff block. However, there are other boundary conditions and initial analysis parametric quantities introduced. 2.2 Description of the process: Minimally invasive surgical processs are frequently named based on the type of sing range used to see the country of the organic structure which is the operative site. For illustration, laparoscopic processs use a laparoscope to see the operative site and are performed in the inside of the venters through a little scratch. A gas such as CO2 is introduced in the tummy pit to set up pneumoperitoneum wherein the peritoneal pit is sufficiently inflated for the interpolation of trocars into the venters. Pneumoperitoneum is established through the usage of a usage insufflation acerate leaf, called a Veress acerate leaf, utilizing a spring-loaded obturator that slides over the crisp tip of the needle every bit shortly as the needle enters the peritoneal pit. This acerate leaf is inserted through the facia and through the peritoneum. The sawbones entirely depends on tactile feedback generated at the fingertips to find the proper arrangement of the acerate leaf. After set uping pneumoperitoneum, the following measure in laparoscopic surgery involves the interpolation of trocar/obturator assembly into the abdominal pit. Based on the type of surgery, there may be one or more trocar interpolations to entree the interior organic structure volume related to surgery. A simple conventional diagram for description of the process is given below Figure 1. Schematics of trocar interpolation process [ Ref Web [ 1 ] ] Degree centigrades: Documents and SettingsYongMy DocumentsMy Pictures rocar rocar6.jpg Figure. Trocar being inserted into abdominal pit [ Ref 24 ] Above figures depict the assorted forces and torsions involved in a regular trocar interpolation operation. Trocar is held with one manus for proper arrangement of trocar on the abdominal part. The other manus is used for using torsion every bit good as for uni directional force application. The magnitude of applied force with regard to clip and figure of bends applied while tissue incursion are of import parametric quantities for imitating this process realistically. There are different methods for cannula interpolation: by puting a trocar under direct vision into the peritoneal pit ( Hasson technique ) [ Ref 22 ] or â€Å" blindly † with a bladed trocar with the venters desufflated direct puncture and direct puncture with visual image through an optical trocar. Alternatively, a needle system could be used to entree the peritoneum to at the same time insufflate the venters and present a sheath through which a blunt trocar could be placed [ Ref 23 ] . Harmonizing to the port a rrangement guidelines, there are by and large multiple interpolations of trocars into abdominal part in order to handily entree different surgical sites with coveted tools. Some tools are used for catching and review of the tissue while others are used for cutting or suturing intents. There is a cardinal scratch through which a camera is inserted into the abdominal pit in order to project the surgery being performed on a picture screen for ocular mention intents. The full process is carried out under general anaesthesia. 2.3 Description of trocars and design parametric quantities: There are a figure of types of trocars that are available for interpolation, depending on the application. Choice of trocars by and large depends on several factors such as the type of entree site, debut of tools of proper size at the site including stapling machines, cartridge holder applicants and retractors. Harmonizing to the rule of cutting, there are cutting trocars and distending trocars. Cuting trocars integrate some signifier of blade at the site of cutting while the dilating trocars try to press and distend the tissue without cutting it first [ Ref 4 ] . Earlier trocars integrated conelike or pyramidic terminals in order to consequence interpolation, while the newer version incorporates safety shields and blunter plastic blades. Trocars are available in both metal tip and plastic assortments. A hollow or solid conelike plastic tip is a preferable design. Newer version of trocars attempts to unite design characteristics of both cutting and blunt type trocars to cut down the opportunities of hurt and for less applied force demands [ Ref 4, 25 ] . Five different types of trocars were compared in a publication and perforations were performed on the porcine tissue. A figure of different parametric quantities such as defect size, interpolation force and removal force were measured under standardised clinical conditions for 12 mm entree trocars [ Ref 4 ] . The trocars used were shown in figure below which involve a individual blade cutting type trocar, a blunt and radically distending trocar, plastic blade which is really common, triangular cutting blade type and the most modern design i.e. intercrossed distending type trocar. Figure 12-mm entree systems used in the survey. ( A ) Single blade film editing ; ( B ) blunt-radial dilating ; ( C ) plastic blade ; ( D ) trigon blade film editing ; ( E ) hybrid distending [ Ref 4 ] Figure. a ) Pyramidal blade reusable B ) Pyramidal blade disposable trocar [ Ref 25 ] Figure. a ) Flat blade trocar B ) Non bladed trocar 1 degree Celsius ) Non bladed trocar 2 [ Ref 25 ] It was found that radially distending and intercrossed types are similar in footings of perforations while removal force was more or less similar in each instance [ Ref 4 ] . This survey nevertheless underlines that characteristics of cannula design i.e. ridges, togss and textures are responsible factors for minimising remotion forces. You read "Overview Of Trocar Insertion Procedure Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" While new designs cut down the interpolation forces, they do n’t lend towards drastically improved interpolation consequences over the traditional bladed trocar design [ Ref 4 ] . Besides it has been found that there are differences in defect sizes and lesion parametric quantities associated with trocar geometry and type [ Ref 25 ] . It is desirable that we cut down the affected country of the lesion and herniation of facia caused by the remotion of trocar at the site ; nevertheless it is difficult to document all the design factors impact ing different lesion parametric quantities. A more matter-of-fact attack can be to prove the trocar on latest FEM package for failure analysis of the environing tissue membrane and secret plan different emphasis affected zones next to the interpolation site. 2.4 Modeling of trocar interpolation process: The research work proposed in this thesis uses two different methodological analysiss to near the job of realistic mold of the trocar interpolation process 1 ) Interactive Haptic simulator for patterning force feedback interaction 2 ) Finite element mold of trocar interpolation process 1 ) Interactive Haptic simulator for patterning force feedback interaction: This process is a premier campaigner for practical world simulation based trainers for sawboness to derive valuable simulation experience before they pattern existent trocar interpolation on patients. There have been several efforts to develop a needle interpolation based simulator for sawbones preparation undertakings, the outstanding amongst them uses an synergistic user interface based system, which gives the expert sawbones, a freedom to tune different mechanical tissue parametric quantities in order to leave different kinaesthetic esthesiss to the user [ Ref 3 ] . It is really difficult to reproduce the exact tissue behaviour experienced during surgery in a feasible Haptic simulator. Hence this closed cringle method provides a benchmarking expression to set up tissue belongingss in a Haptic sense. Figure. Block diagram exemplifying minimally invasive surgery [ Ref 26 ] Above figure gives an thought about the closed cringle schematic for minimally invasive surgery which is applicable to trocar interpolation process as good. However, trocar interpolation process in itself is non a surgical process but a precursor to the existent minimally invasive surgery process. As shown in above figure, the sawbones has a limited position of the surgical site and force, place, speed and torsion are the active applied inputs on trocar, which are so transmitted bit by bit to patient abdominal tissue. During the full process, the sawbones receives distorted kinaesthetic feedback. The feedback is discontinuous since every bit shortly as equilibrium between applied and reaction force is established momently, there is no feedback force. The opposition to incursion is chiefly determined by the implicit in local tissue belongingss and trocar geometry and stuffs used. Figure. Block diagram exemplifying Virtual world preparation with force feedback for minimally invasive surgery [ Ref 26 ] Above figure illustrates the closed cringle system integrating a Haptic based practical world preparation simulator which involves a practical instrument interface. The interface transmits applied force, place, and speed and torsion vector information many times every 2nd to tactile environment underlying the simulator to calculate the hit sensing with practical tissue and update the force feedback vector. Trainee sawbones feels the fake force feedback through the practical instrument interface which uses commercially available tactile devices such as Phantom Omni or usage built Haptic devices. Simulated ocular feedback is provided through either 2 dimensional show on computing machine proctors or two-channel vision [ Ref 26 ] . One of the jobs faced while constructing a trocar interpolation simulator, is imitating proper tissue behaviour at the point of braking through tissue beds, i.e. the feeling of sudden giving off of the tissue when trocar brakes through the rectus abdominis part. For the finding of proper force profile for this simulator, a through literature reappraisal was carried out to garner informations about assorted tissue parametric quantities, braking force values for different tissue beds and existent secret plans of force profile informations, found in old documents. We have determined that, there are two attacks for obtaining the force profile – plotting of the reaction force experienced by sawboness with regard to clip and with regard to distortion distance. Rendering process utilizing tactile devices has been explored antecedently in a figure of surgery simulations. There are assorted attacks to turn to the job of visio tactile simulation of deformable objects based on spring mass based systems. There are many finite component based fluctuations for spring mass based simulations such as finite component method ( FEM ) [ Ref 27 ] and boundary component method ( BEM ) [ Ref 28 ] . Current research job nevertheless offers a alone challenge since it involves tissue distortion simulation and in writing rendition of tissue cutting during the procedure of trocar interpolation. For the simplification of our research job, during the first stage we concentrated our attending on tissue distortion and non on tissue cutting simulation since it ‘s a separate research job. Trocar interpolation chiefly involves tissue distortion, opposition force to weave distortion, braking force and frictional opposition to torquing gesture [ Ref 2, Ref 5 ] . T here is no literature available on torque measuring and word picture of tactile belongingss for opposition to rotatory gesture of trocar. The literature that is straight related with this topic is slightly obscure in nature such as the torsion measuring and word picture while managing of machine tools and rotary motion of prison guard driver [ Ref ] . Another research paper which is more relevant trades with measuring of torque interactions while managing laparoscopic tools [ Ref 29 ] . Hence we needed to trust on ergonomic mentions for approximative calculation of torque feedback magnitude and nature of torque interaction. For simplifying the tactile theoretical account, it is proposed that there are two primary mechanisms or provinces for grip force and torque interaction of trocar with regard to abdominal tissue. These two provinces are described in the figures below. In these figures, the transverse plane in which trocar geometry resides is termed as cutaneal plane and the angle between this plane and y-axis is termed as I ± , the angle between omega axis and cutaneal plane is termed as I? ( tilt ) and the rotary motion of the trocar around the trocar axis is defined in footings of angle I? ( tortuosity ) . 1. Mechanism for first province: First phase consists of gradual addition in distortion forces in a way analogue to the axis of trocar. As applied force additions, the reaction force reaches a maximal threshold value called braking force after which, trocar interruptions through facia and so through the peritoneum. There is by and large really small clip slowdown between these two incursion phases therefore, it is difficult to separate between the centripetal feeling for these extremums. Please refer to calculate below. We see that there is a gradual addition in applied force ( on applied force V clip graph ) after which there is a plateau part when farther really small addition in force causes the applied force to transcend the braking force value. Depending on local tissue belongingss, there can be several extremums after the first tableland part is reached, and so sudden lessening in force is experienced. This generalised nature of the force profile is verified through several mentions. If we observe the force pr ofile in Ref 6, we see that for 12 millimeter bladeless trocar, the extremum force value reached is about 70 N, while for 5 millimeter bladeless trocar, the recorded extremum force value is about 35.84 N [ Ref 6 ] . However, this research work was carried out utilizing unreal tissue under tenseness, without expert accomplishment. Another research paper that trades with existent extremum force measuring, on human tissue, utilizing piezoelectric detector mounted between sawbones ‘s manus and trocar, has produced a spike natured force profile [ Ref 1 ] . The maximal peak force recorded utilizing a detector in this instance is tantamount to 5 millimeter of HG force per unit area at the trocar reaching surface country [ Ref 1 ] . It is to be noted that the interpolation clip for trocar, in this instance is really short since the expert sawboness have right centripetal standardization which allows them to infix the trocar utilizing fewer figure of bends and with lesser force magnitu de [ Ref 2 ] . However, we observe that after extremum force value is reached, in all force profile instances, there is a sudden lessening in opposition force since the material failure standard is reached. 2. Mechanism for 2nd province: After tissue incursion, 2nd phase prevails during which trocar wall surface is in direct contact with environing penetrated tissue. It is difficult to depict the nature of destroyed tissue and the local coefficient of torsional every bit good as skiding clash. These forces are of import because, during the backdown stage, sawbones has to carefully abjure the trocar in such a manner that there is no injury to internal variety meats. The easiness with which trocar is withdrawn is a direct consequence of these forces and trocar geometry. The magnitudes and the nature of the force profile ( force V clip secret plans ) are discussed in following few subdivisions. Figure. Four grades of freedom of trocar while interpolation, applied and reaction forces during tissue distortion province Figure. Frictional peripheral force along the walls and Torsional frictional twosome at the fringe, after tissue incursion 2.5 Force and torque parametric quantities: Force Data Different techniques are available to obtain realistic mean extremum entry force informations plotted against clip or distortion. One of the direct techniques involve, mounting a force or force per unit area detector on existent trocar while the process of minimally invasive surgery is carried out. Another technique involves measuring of incursion force based on porcine tissue incursion utilizing a research lab device. However there are a figure of variables involved and it is really difficult to set up a aureate criterion or a scope of values for a peculiar instance. Body aggregate index of the patient, age, degree of exercising are some of the factors that affect the force profile informations. One of the documents reported utilizing existent piezoelectric transducer fond regard mounted between trocar surface and sawbones ‘s manus to obtain specific force profile informations for each patient with regard to clip [ Ref 6 ] ; nevertheless upon observation of the force profile, we see that the force profile informations does n’t give us an thought about gradual addition in trocar force opposition. This force profile represents a spike in footings of reaction force experienced, which is unequal to imitate a complete trocar interpolation, since it does n’t enter gradual alterations in force profile happening merely before incursion. However, the magnitude of braking force for each instance is noted down and we can utilize this statistical information to construct a simulator which allows for different braking force values based on correlativity between patient ‘s age and average extremum entry force [ Ref 6 ] . A old experiment to mensurate the entry force utilizing laboratory experiment uses a mechano chemical examiner which tests the incursion of a stretched alternate tissue, to plot a force versus incursion distance informations. This trial uses changeless velocity of incursion for the trocar and does n’t pay attending to application of torsion while infixing trocar, as in existent process [ Ref 5 ] . Another paper related to old work, for imitating trocar interpolation uses a parametric theoretical account to imitate three separate parts for a force profile informations utilizing multinomial fit [ Ref 1 ] . We found that this attack is really utile for readily incorporating a given force profile into tactile simulator, for experimentation intents. However the usage of any such force profile is arbitrary, till it has been verified by adept sawboness to be as close an experience to the existent undertaking of trocar interpolation. Table I clip in s Force in N clip in s Force in N 0 0 1.25 20 0.2 8 1.4 30 0.5 7 1.5 35 0.7 5 1.6 40 1 10.1 1.7 50 Time in seconds Force in N Force in N Time in seconds Figure ( a ) Rough secret plan of Force profile [ Ref 1 ] , ( B ) Force profile after re-parameterization and curve adjustment Figure ( a ) Typical spike force profiles obtained from 5mm and 10 millimeter diameter trocar interpolations [ Ref 6 ] Another important research work performed utilizing instrumented trocar systems against 20 swine theoretical accounts was reported in one of the recent documents by Paserotti et Al. [ Ref 29 ] . The full experimental process was repeated for two bladed non retractile trocars and four bladed retractile trocars. Table II [ Ref 29 ] Fd, entire thrust force ( Newton ) ; Ff, force needed to travel through facia ( Newtons ) ; Fp, force needed to travel through peritoneal liner ( Newtons ) ; Fl, loss of drive force after come ining the peritoneum ( Newtons ) ; Ld, the sum of tissue distortion ( centimeter ) ; Lt, the length of trocar exposed in the venters after the peritoneum retracts ( centimeter ) ; NA ; non applicable ; Td, clip to drive the trocar into the venters ( sec ) ; Tr, continuance of blade exposed unprotected ( sec ) [ Ref 29 ] The characteristic nature of force profile obtained in this research, confirms the fact that there are multiple extremums encountered during incursion for get the better ofing different tissue beds ( facia and peritoneum beds severally ) . After the braking force magnitude is reached, a sudden loss of opposition or giving off of the tissue is experienced which should be efficaciously simulated with the lowering of Haptic opposition during the simulation. Torque Data: Measurement of torsion informations for trocar interpolation procedure, is a complex undertaking since interpolation normally involves 2 to 5 bends in clockwise and anticlockwise waies [ Ref 2 ] . The clasp features and the mode in which torsion is applied is non unvarying for all the instances, besides some sawboness use small to no torquing when it comes to interpolation. Hence, we have to trust on informations from old research work in order to acquire an thought about the torsion magnitude. There are other ergonomic mentions from which we can mention to the industrial class torquing attempts in assorted types of clasps such as power clasp, cardinal pinch and tip pinch clasps etc. There are two major classs of clasps viz. prehensile and non prehensile clasp [ Ref 31 ] . The clasp used for catching trocar organic structure is a prehensile type of clasp ( specifically cylindrical ) and based on the carpus rotary motion and gripping force, variable sum of torsion can be transmitted a t the interpolation point. For the screwdriver interpolation gesture which is about tantamount to the trocar interpolation gesture in some ways, the maximal torsion that can be exerted is about 5 Nm for a feed force of about 60 N [ Ref 30 ] . However a more dependable projection for torque measuring is found in another mention [ Ref 31 ] , for both instrument to organ interaction during laparoscopic surgery and trocar abdominal wall interaction during interpolation procedure. There are a scope values that have been documented in this mention, which suggest that rotational gesture in the clasp produces approximately 0 to 0.7 Nm of torsion at the interface. Besides, the frictional force opposing the rotary motion is found to be about 3 N in magnitude at the interface. A major guideline for design of Haptic simulator is stated in this mention that Haptic esthesis is greatest at the low value of translational or interpolation speed and at the smallest angles of tilt I? [ Ref 31 ] . How to cite Overview Of Trocar Insertion Procedure Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Qualities of a Good Leader free essay sample

You must have an honest understanding of who you are, what you know, and what you can do. Note that it is the followers, not the leader or someone else who determines if the leader is successful. If they do not trust or lack confidence in their leader, then they will be uninspired. To be successful you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed. Good leaders are made, not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982). To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of a Good Leader or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Seven Qualities of a Good Leader 1. A good leader has an exemplary character. A leader needs to be trusted and be known to live their life with honestly and integrity. A good leader â€Å"walks the talk†. 2. A good leader is enthusiastic about their work or about their role as leader. passion and dedication †¢source of inspiration, †¢a motivator, will not be afraid to roll up their sleeves and get dirty. 3. A good leader is confident. †¢confident as a person and in the leadership role. †¢inspires confidence in others and draws out the trust and best efforts of the team to complete the task well. 4. A leader functions in an orderly and purposeful manner in situations of uncertainty. †¢People look to the leader during times of uncertainty and unfamiliarity and find reassurance and security when the leader portrays confidence and a positive demeanour. 5. Good leaders are tolerant of ambiguity (doubt, vagueness). †¢Remain calm, composed and steadfast to the main purpose. †¢Storms, emotions, and crises come and go and a good leader takes these as part of the journey and keeps a cool head. 6. A good leader thinks analytically. †¢is able to break it down into sub parts for closer inspection. †¢can break it down into manageable steps and make progress towards it. 7. A good leader is committed to excellence. †¢The good leader not only maintains high standards, but also is proactive in raising the bar in order to achieve excellence in all areas. The Top 10 Leadership Qualities 1. Integrity- integration of outward actions and inner values. A leader must have the trust of followers and therefore must display integrity. 2. Dedication- means spending whatever time or energy is necessary to accomplish the task at hand. By setting an excellent example, leaders can show followers that there are no nine-to-five jobs on the team, only opportunities to achieve something great. 3. Magnanimity -giving credit where it is due. †¢ensures that credit for successes is spread as widely as possible throughout the company. a good leader takes personal responsibility for failures. †¢To spread the fame and take the blame is a hallmark of effective leadership. 4. Humility- recognizes that they are no better or worse than other members of the team. †¢A humble leader is not self-effacing but rather tries to elevate everyone. †¢understand that their status does not make them a god. Mahatma Gandhi is a role model for Indian leaders , and he pursued a â€Å"follower-centric† leadership role. 5. Openness- being able to listen to new ideas, even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. Good leaders are able to suspend judgment while listening to others’ ideas, †¢well as accept new ways of doing things that someone else thought of. †¢Openness builds mutual respect and trust between leaders and followers, and it also keeps the team well supplied with new ideas that can further its vision. 6. Creativity -ability to think differently, to get outside of the box that constrains solutions. -the ability to see things that others have not seen and thus lead followers in new directions. -The most important question that a leader can ask is, â€Å"What if †¦ ? Possibly the worst thing a leader can say is, â€Å"I know this is a dumb question 7. Fairness- dealing with others consistently and justly. A leader must check all the facts and hear everyone out before passing judgment. â € ¢must avoid leaping to conclusions based on incomplete evidence. When people feel they that are being treated fairly, they reward a leader with loyalty and dedication. 8. Assertiveness-is not the same as aggressiveness. †¢it is the ability to clearly state what one expects so that there will be no misunderstandings. †¢ A leader must be assertive to get the desired results. . Sense of humor is vital to relieve tension and boredom, as well as to defuse hostility. †¢Effective leaders know how to use humor to energize followers. Humor is a form of power that provides some control over the work environment. And simply put, humor fosters good camaraderie. 10. Intrinsic traits such as intelligence, good looks, height and so on are not necessary to become a leader. Anyone can cultivate the proper leadership traits. Leadership – †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common ta sk†. (Alan Keith of Genentech) states that, Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen. †¢Ken SKC Ogbonnia, effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or societal goals. †¢organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. †¢Influencing others to take actions and adopt behaviors that accomplish a goal or a mission. The Process of Great Leadership The road to great leadership (Kouzes Posner, 1987) that is common to successful leaders: oChallenge the process First, find a process that you believe needs to be improved the most. oInspire a shared vision Next, share your vision in words that can be understood by your followers. oEnable others to act Give them the tools and methods to solve the problem. oModel the way When the process gets tough, get your hands dirty. A boss tells others what to do, a leader shows that it can be done. oEncourage the hearts Share the glory with your followers hearts, while keeping the pains within your own. . 2: IMPORTANCE/FUNCTIONS OF LEADERSHIP 1. Help interpret the meaning of events 2. Create alignment on objectives and strategies 3. Build task commitment and optimism 4. Build mutual trust and cooperation 5. Strengthen collective identity 6. Organize and coordinate activities 7. Encourage and facilitate collective learning 8. Obtain necessary resources and support 9. Develop and empower peo ple 10. Promote social justice and morality 1:3 ISSUES AND PROBLEMS ON LEADERSHIP Issues and Problems For most organizations, problems prevent the direct, linear achievement of a goal. The problems faced by an organization may be adaptive in nature. Adaptive problems-require changes in organizations structure, behaviour, values, culture or objectives. Non-adaptive problems- simply require the application of existing approaches. Table 1 Organizational Issues Problem/Issue TypesSolutions AvailablePeople Involved Adaptive, Non-Technical UnclearUnknown and Unclear; Requires Evolution of Values and InnovationAll Stakeholders Non-Technical but ClearPartly Known -Some Adaptive Learning RequiredExperts Aid Diagnosis; Group Solves Problem Technical ClearTechnical, Solutions ExistExpert-Leader

Existentialism in Batman The Dark Knight Essay Example For Students

Existentialism in Batman: The Dark Knight Essay When you take charge of your life, there is no longer need to ask permission of other people or society at large. When you ask permission, you give someone veto power over your life?. The 2008 film, Batman: The Dark Knight, directed by Christopher Nolan, demonstrates the actions and choices being made while still being true to oneself. The film represents ones interior motives and how it inevitably reflects ones true self which is evident through their actions. Through the characters Batman, Joker and Two-Face in The Dark Knight they live life all according to their own perceptions. Through their own perceptions and choices is where they are still remaining true to themselves. Batman is driven to do such heroic actions due to his own emotional setback as a child when his parents were killed by a petty mugger. With this at mind, Batmans attitude towards the people that appreciate him and his actions are not reciprocated in the same way as his adoring fans gratitude towards him. Batmans viewpoint in life is misery. From Batmans past it gives him the determined attitude on life of taking out the criminals in Gotham. When Batman was about to go save another crime act, fans were imitating him as he caught the eye of these fans he pushed and yelled I dont need your help! ? This goes to show that Batman deals with his problems on his own which he believes is being true to his own self. Being a hero is ironic to the fact that he doesnt reinforce the rules but instead, breaks through them by simply concentrating on putting down the felons. Batman continues to believe putting away criminals, is a way of being true to his self and parents as they died because once of a criminals poor action and choice. Joker is the opposite of the order Batman has in his life, he likes chaos and believes life is a game. The Joker doesnt see the need for rules and doesnt care for the consequences. Being a child with parents who didnt support him since childhood (alcoholic father), and having scars that represent the childhood make up his identity of who the Joker truly is. The scars represent the fear he has overcome, of his father who put the scars on his face. This goes to show why he has no fear of consequences and why he thinks being true to himself is letting other people suffer. He likes making people decide, and this is where life is a game to him. When Gotham city is being fleeted out, there were two ferries one with prisoners the other with innocent people of the city. Joker took this to his advantage, and called both boats telling them its either the scum bags or innocent people, you have the option to blow the other boat up or Ill blow you both up at midnight ?. This shows the Joker being true to ones self as he is taking what his father taught him as a child which was doing what you want has no consequences, and applying it to his own life and making others suffering. Some people just want to watch the world burn ? is what he says, which shows others suffering brings completeness to his game of life. Two-Face is all about the luck of flipping a coin; taking chances. When things are out of control he flips a coin but believes that he is making his own luck by doing so, therefore being true to him. As Batman saves Harvey over Rachel, Harveys face catches on fire and half of it burns off. As he is in the hospital recovering, Bruce Wayne comes to visit him. .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 , .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .postImageUrl , .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 , .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594:hover , .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594:visited , .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594:active { border:0!important; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594:active , .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594 .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5e6f7b652970083f198ccaa21c46594:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Docu-Film - Babies EssayAs they are talking about Batman turning himself in, Two-Face goes on to say that it is better to actually reveal the true you rather than going back and forth to one for or the other ?. From the beginning Harvey describes everyone as being two-faced and that he also finds himself living that principle. Two-Face believes that being true to ones self is a about taking chances, and to reveal that truth itself is self-recovery. Through his choices Two-Face believes that one shouldnt have to suffer because they are hiding what must be open to all and that through peoples authentic choices he lives with what his choices reveal about himself. Therefore through the inevitable actions made through the characters of The Dark Knight there is a clear reflection of ones true motives. This was shown through Batmans power of taking out criminals, the Jokers ability to make others choose their deaths and play his games and Two-Faces perceptions of chance and truth. Through the perception of the characters lives, their reflection of being true to yourself was always related back. Therefore, The Dark Knight truly demonstrated how, your actions and choices will always reflect being true to yourself and how ones determination will always get you where you want to go in life.