The Pilgrimage of Grace - Protesting Henry VIII

The Pilgrimage of Grace - Protesting Henry VIII The Pilgrimage of Grace was an uprising, or rather several uprisings, that took place in the north of England between 1536 and 1537. The people rose against what they saw as the heretical and tyrannical rule of Henry VIII and his chief minister Thomas Cromwell. Tens of thousands of people in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire were involved in the uprising, making the Pilgrimage one of the most unsettling crises of Henrys most unsettled reign. Key Takeaways: The Pilgrimage of Grace The Pilgrimage of Grace (1536–1537) was an uprising of tens of thousands of people, clergy and conservatives, against King Henry VIII.  They sought the reduction of taxes, the re-establishment of the Catholic church and the pope as the religious leader in England, and the replacement of Henrys main advisors.  None of their demands were met, and over 200 of the rebels were executed.  Scholars believe the rebellion failed for lack of leadership and conflicts between the demands of the poor versus those of the gentry. The insurgents crossed class lines, uniting commoners, gentlemen, and lords together for a few brief moments to protest social, economic, and political changes they observed. They believed the issues resulted from Henrys naming himself the Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy of England. Historians today recognize the Pilgrimage as growing out of the end of feudalism and the birth of the modern era. Religious, Political, and Economic Climate in England How the country came to such a dangerous place started with King Henrys romantic entanglements and search to secure an heir. After 24 years of being a jovial, married and Catholic king, Henry divorced his first wife Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn in January of 1533, shocking Catherines supporters. Worse, he also officially divorced himself from the Catholic church in Rome and made himself head of a new church in England. In March of 1536, he began to dissolve the monasteries, forcing the religious clergy to give over their lands, buildings and religious objects. On May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn was executed, and on May 30th, Henry married his third wife Jane Seymour. The English parliament- deftly manipulated by Cromwell- had met on June 8th to declare his daughters Mary and Elizabeth illegitimate, settling the crown on Janes heirs. If Jane had no heirs, Henry could pick his own heir. Henry did have an acknowledged illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy,1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1519–1536), from his mistress, Elizabeth Blount, but he died on July 23rd, and it became clear to Henry that if he wanted a blood heir, he would have to acknowledge Mary or face the fact that one of Henrys great rivals, the King of Scotland James V, was going to be his heir. But in May of 1536, Henry was married, and legitimately- Catherine died in January of that year- and if he had acknowledged Mary, beheaded the hated Cromwell, burnt the heretic bishops that allied themselves with Cromwell, and reconciled himself with Pope Paul III, then the pope would have most likely recognized Jane Seymour as his wife and her children as legitimate heirs. That is essentially what the insurgents wanted. The truth was, even if hed been willing to do all that, Henry couldnt afford it. Henrys Fiscal Issues Jervaulx Abbey was one of the great Cistercian abbeys of Yorkshire, founded in 1156. It was dissolved in 1537, and its last abbot was hanged for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Dennis Barnes / Photographers Choice / Getty Images Plus The reasons for Henrys lack of funds were not strictly his famed extravagance. The discovery of new trade routes and the recent influx of silver and gold from the Americas into England severely depreciated the value of the kings stores: he desperately needed to find a way to increase revenue. The potential worth raised by the dissolution of the monasteries would be a huge influx of cash. The estimated total revenue of the religious houses in England was UK  £130,000 per year- between 64 billion and 34 trillion pounds in todays currency. The Sticking Points The reason the uprisings involved as many people as it did is also the reason they failed: the people were not united in their desires for change. There were several different sets of written and verbal issues that the commoners, gentlemen, and lords had with the King and the way he and Cromwell were handling the country- but each segment of the rebels felt more strongly about one or two but not all of the issues. No taxes during peacetime. Feudal expectations were that the king would pay his own expenses unless the country was at war. A peacetime tax had been in place from the mid-twelfth century, known as the 15th and the 10th. In 1334, the amount of the payments was fixed at a flat rate and paid by the wards to the king- the wards collected 1/10th (10%) of the moveable goods of the people living in the urban areas and paid it to the king, and the rural wards collected 1/15 (6.67%) of those of their residents. In 1535, Henry steeply raised those payments, requiring individuals to pay based on periodic assessments of not just their goods but also their rents, profits, and wages. There were also rumors of taxes to come on sheep and cattle; and of a luxury tax for people making less than 20 pounds per year on such things as white bread, cheese, butter, capons, hens, chickens.The repeal of the Statute of Uses. This unpopular statute was of vital importance to wealthy landowners who held estates owned by Henry, but less so to the common folk. Traditionally, the landholders could use the feudal dues to support their younger children or other dependents. This statute abolished all such uses so that only the oldest son could derive any income from an estate owned by the King The Catholic church should be reestablished. Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn was only one problem the people had with Henrys changes; the replacement of Pope Paul III as a religious leader to a king who was perceived as a sensualist was inconceivable to the conservative parts of England, who truly believed the switch could only be temporary, now that Anne and Catherine were both dead.The heretic bishops should be deprived and punished. The basic tenet of the Catholic church in Rome was that the supremacy of the king was primary unless to follow his will was heresy, in which case they were morally obligated to work against him. Any clergy who refused to sign an oath siding with Henry was executed, and once the surviving clergy had recognized Henry as the Head of the Church of England (and were, therefore, heretics) they could not go back.No more abbeys should be suppressed. Henry began his changes by taking down the lesser monasteries, describing a laundry list of evils being perpetrated by the monks and abbots, and decreeing that there should be no more than one monastery within five miles of another. There were nearly 900 religious houses in England in the late 1530s, and one adult man in fifty was in religious orders. Some of the abbeys were great landowners, and some of the abbey buildings were hundreds of years old, and often the only permanent building in the rural communities. Their dissolution was a dramatically visible loss to the countryside, as well as an economic loss. Cromwell, Riche, Legh, and Layton should be replaced by noblemen.  People blamed Henrys advisor Thomas Cromwell and other of Henrys councilors for most of their ills. Cromwell had come to power promising to make Henry the richest king that ever was in England and the population felt that he was to blame what they saw as Henrys corruption. Cromwell was ambitious and smart, but of the lower middle classes, a clothier, solicitor, and moneylender who was convinced that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government.The rebels should be pardoned for their insurrection. None of these had a reasonable chance of success. The First Uprising: Lincolnshire, October 1–18th, 1536 Although there were minor uprisings before and after, the first major assembly of dissident people took place in Lincolnshire  beginning around the first of October, 1536. By Sunday the 8th, there were 40,000 men gathered in Lincoln. The leaders sent a petition to the King outlining their demands, who responded by sending the Duke of Suffolk to the gathering. Henry rejected all of their issues but said if they were willing to go home and submit to the punishment that he would choose, he would eventually pardon them. The commoners went home. The uprising failed on a number of fronts- they had no noble leader to intercede for them, and their object was a mix of religion, agrarian, and political issues without a single aim. They were patently afraid of civil war, probably as much as the King was. Most of all, there were another 40,000 rebels in Yorkshire, who were waiting to see what the Kings response would be before moving forward.   The Second Uprising, Yorkshire, October 6, 1536–January 1537 The second uprising was far more successful, but still ultimately failed. Led by the gentleman Robert Aske, the collective forces took first Hull, then York, the second largest city in England at the time. But, like the Lincolnshire uprising, the 40,000 commoners, gentlemen and nobles did not advance to London but instead wrote to the King their requests. This the King also rejected out of hand–but the messengers bearing the outright rejection were stopped before they reached York. Cromwell saw this disturbance as better organized than the Lincolnshire uprising, and thus more of a danger. Simply rejecting the issues might result in an outbreak of violence. Henrys and Cromwells revised strategy involved delaying the rabble at York for a month or more. A Carefully Orchestrated Delay While Aske and his associates waited for Henrys response, they reached out to the Archbishop and other clergy members, those who had sworn allegiance to the king, for their opinion on the demands. Very few responded; and when forced to read it, the Archbishop himself refused to assist, objecting to the return of papal supremacy. It is very likely that the Archbishop had a better understanding of the political situation than Aske. Henry and Cromwell designed a strategy to divide the gentlemen from their commoner followers. He sent out temporizing letters to the leadership, then in December invited Aske and the other leaders to come to see him. Aske, flattered and relieved, came to London and met with the king, who asked him to write up the history of the uprising- Askes narrative (published word-for-word in Bateson 1890) is one the main sources for the historical work by Hope Dodds and Dodds (1915). Aske and the other leaders were sent home, but the prolonged visit of the gentlemen with Henry was cause for dissension among the commoners who came to believe they had been betrayed by Henrys forces, and by mid-January 1537, most of the military force had left York. Norfolks Charge Next, Henry sent the Duke of Norfolk to take steps to end the conflict. Henry declared a state of martial law and told Norfolk he should go to Yorkshire and the other counties and administer a new oath of allegiance to the King- anyone who did not sign was to be executed. Norfolk was to identify and arrest the ringleaders, he was to turn out the monks, nuns, and canons who still occupied the suppressed abbeys, and he was to turn over the lands to the farmers. The nobles and gentlemen involved in the uprising were told to expect and welcome Norfolk. Once the ringleaders were identified, they were sent to the Tower of London to await trial and execution. Aske was arrested on April 7th, 1537 and committed to the Tower, where he was repeatedly questioned. Found guilty, he was hung at York on July 12th. The rest of the ringleaders were executed according to their station in life- noblemen were beheaded, noble women were burned at the stake. Gentlemen were either sent home to be hung or hung in London and their heads placed on stakes on London Bridge. End of the Pilgrimage of Grace In all, about 216 people were executed, although not all the records of the executions were kept. In 1538–1540, groups of royal commissions toured the country and demanded that the remaining monks surrender their lands and goods. Some didnt (Glastonbury, Reading, Colchester)–and they were all executed. By 1540, all but seven of the monasteries were gone. By 1547, two-thirds of the monastic lands had been alienated, and their buildings and lands either sold at market to the classes of people who could afford them or distributed to local patriots. As to why the Pilgrimage of Grace failed so abysmally, researchers Madeleine Hope Dodds and Ruth Dodds argue that there were four main reasons. The leaders were under the impression that Henry was a weak, good-natured sensualist who was led astray by Cromwell: they were wrong, or at least wrong in understanding the strength and persistence of Cromwells influence. Cromwell was executed by Henry in 1540.  There were no leaders among the rebels with unconquerable energy or willpower. Aske was the most passionate: but if he could not convince the king to accept their demands, the only alternative was to have Henry overthrown, something they could not conceivably succeed in doing on their ownThe conflict between the interests of the gentlemen (higher rents and lower wages) and those of the commoners (lower rents and higher wages) could not be reconciled, and the commoners who made up the numbers of the forces were distrustful of the gentlemen who led them.  The only possible uniting power would have been the church, either the Pope or the English clergy. Neither supported the uprising in any real sense. Sources There have been several recent books on the Pilgrimage of Grace over the past few years, but writers and researching sisters Madeleine Hope Dodds and Ruth Dodds wrote an exhaustive work explaining the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1915 and it is still the main source of information for those new works. Bateson, Mary. The Pilgrimage of Grace. The English Historical Review 5.18 (1890): 330–45. Print.Bernard, G. W. The Dissolution of the Monasteries. History 96.4 (324) (2011): 390–409. Print.Bush, M. L. Enhancements and Importunate Charges: An Analysis of the Tax Complaints of October 1536. Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 22.3 (1990): 403–19. Print.-. Up for the Commonweal: The Significance of Tax Grievances in the English Rebellions of 1536. The English Historical Review 106.419 (1991): 299-318. Print.Hope Dodds, Madeleine, and Ruth Dodds. The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536–1537 and the Exeter Conspiracy, 1538. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1915. Print.Hoyle, R. W., and A. J. L. Winchester. A Lost Source for the Rising of 1536 in North-West England. The English Historical Review 118.475 (2003): 120–29. Print.Liedl, Janice. The Penitent Pilgrim: William Calverley and the Pilgrimage of Grace. The Sixteenth Century Journa l 25.3 (1994): 585–94. Print. Schofield, Roger. Taxation Under the Early Tudors, 1485–1547. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.

What Is SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing

What Is SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Makers of the new SAT have decided that the Reading and Writing sections go together like peanut butter and jelly. Insteadof treatingthem separately, College Board now takesReading and Writing together to give you one Evidence-based Reading and Writing score. This guide will go over exactly how these two sections merge and how this new formataffects your test prep. To begin, let’s define this new category on the SAT. What Is Evidence-Based Reading and Writing? Ah, the million dollar question! Evidence-based Reading and Writing, which we can abbreviate as EBRW, refers to both the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT together. "But these two sections are separate!" you might have just declared at your computer screen. You wouldn't be wrong, and I applaud your passion for SAT accuracy.When you take the test, youdotake these two sections individually. When you get your scores back, though, you’ll just get one EBRW score between 200 and 800. The other half of your total score will be your math score, which will also fall somewhere between 200 and 800. Add your EBRW score and math score together, and you’ll get a total score somewhere between 400 and 1600. On the old SAT, Reading and Writing were scored separately, resulting in a maximum possible score of 2400. In those days, theverbal sections (technically called Critical Reading and Writing) made up two-thirds of your total score, while math only made up one-third. Not the ideal make-upfor students who werestronger inmath, but English-oriented kids were sitting pretty. Now, half your score is verbal, and the other half is math. They’re equal! Similarly, your performance on both the Reading and Writing sections factor equally into your combined EBRW score, even though the Reading section’s almost twice as long as the Writing section. To give you a clear view into where your EBRW score actually comes from, I'll go over the process in the steps below. Where Does Your Evidence-Based Reading and WritingScore Come From? On the SAT, you’ll first take the 65-minute Reading section. Then you’ll move onto the 35-minute Writing and Language section. Even though Writing’s a lot shorter than Reading, it counts equally toward your combined Reading and Writing score. If you’ve scored any of your own practice tests, then you may be familiar with the scoring process. First, you add up your raw score in each section, giving yourself one point for every right answer and zero points for wrong or skipped answers. Then you use the provided conversion chart to convert both raw scores into scaled scores between 10 and 40. The exact conversion might differ slightly based on how students perform on a given administration, but here’s a representative sample chart: After you convert your raw scores to a scale of 10 to 40, then you simply add them together and multiply by 10. That equation will get you your final EBRW score between 200 and 800. For Example:Let’s say you got a raw score of 31 in Reading and 28 in Writing and Language. Your Reading score gets scaled to a 30 and your Writing and Language score gets scaled to a 28. Add them together and multiply by 10: 30 + 28 = 58 x 10 = 580 Your final EBRW score’s a 580. Similarly, you can see how to perfect scaled scores get you an 800. A perfect scaled score of 40 in Reading + 40 in Writing = 80. Multiply by 10 and you get 800. Even though the two sections are scored together, they’re still presented as separate sections on the SAT. At the same time, they feature some overlap in content and skills beyond a strong grasp of the English language. To give you a sense of their similarities and differences, let’s explore the content of both sections, starting with Reading. Gather round! It's reading hour. SAT Reading: An Overview SAT Reading is always your first section on the SAT. It tests your reading comprehension skills by asking you to read passages and one or more graphics and to answer questions about them. Below you’ll find an overview of the Reading section’s format and question types. SAT Reading Format Time Number of Questions Time/question 65 minutes 52 questions 1 minute, 15 seconds All of the questions in the Reading section are multiple choice with four possible answer choices, A, B, C, and D. This section contains five passages, or technically six, since â€Å"one† is a set of paired passages. One of these passages come from World Literature, two come from History or Social Studies, and two come from Science. One or more passages will be accompanied by a graphic, like a chart, table, or graph. SAT Reading Content The Reading section tests your skills to comprehend passages from various genres. It wants you to examine both big picture ideas and little picture details, as well as to manage your time efficiently. Since you just get one big block of time in this 65-minute section, it’s your job to divide it roughly equally among the five passages. Some elements that the Reading section asks about are main idea, important details, and vocabulary in context. By analyzing the text, we’ve actually picked out eight main types of Reading questions. They are big picture/main idea, little picture/detail, inference, vocabulary in context, function, author technique, evidence support, and data interpretation. For a detailed breakdown of each question type, along with sample questions of each, check out our full guide to the SAT Reading section! For now, let’s take a look at the structure and content of Writing and Language. The Writing section's like the Reading section, except the passages are all messed up. You get to fix them! SAT Writing and Language: An Overview SAT Writing and Language asks you to be an editor. You’ll read passages that have errors of grammar and punctuation, as well as unclear organization. Then you’ll identify the errors and provide suggestions for how to fix them. Before getting into the question types, consider this section’s overall format below. SAT Writing Format Time Number of Questions Time per Question 35 minutes 44 questions 47-48 seconds All 44 of the Writing questions are multiple choice and based on passages. You’ll get four passages, each followed by 11 questions. These passages will come from four distinct areas: Careers, Social Studies, Humanities, and Science. Like in the Reading section, one or more of these passages (often the Science one) will be accompanied by a graphic, like a scatterplot, bar graph, or chart. SAT Writing Content As you read above, Writing and Language questions ask you to edit and revise words, sentences, and paragraphs. You might replace a word, fix a mistake in grammar or punctuation, rearrange sentences, or even add or delete details to improve organization and clarity. College Board categorizes 24 questions as Command of Evidence, Words in Context, and Expression of Ideas. These questions ask about how ideas develop or get supported, the proper use of vocabulary, and organization. The remaining 20 questions ask about Standard English Conventions. These include questions about sentence structure, usage, and punctuation. These questions tend to get down to the nitty-gritty of sentence mechanics and little details like comma and apostrophe use. You can find a full breakdown of the skills tested in Writing and Language in this comprehensive guide. As you can see, Reading and Writing both test your verbal skills, but they do so in distinct ways. So does the fact that they’re now combined into one score affect your prep at all? Reading and Writing have distinct differences, but these next five study tips focus on where they overlap. Prepping for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing: 5 Tips Reading and Writing require their own approaches to prep, but they have enough of an overlap that some of your prep will help in both sections. The five tips below focus on the ways that Reading and Writing intersect. Read on for five essential pieces of advice that will help you get ready for both Reading and Writing at the same time - and thereby boost your EBRW score! #1: Focus on Command of Evidence If you look at the way College Board describes its question types, it uses the category, â€Å"Command of Evidence,† for both Reading and Writing questions. For both sections, you need to base your answers on evidence from the text. This â€Å"eye for evidence† is a key skill in both sections. However, Reading and Writingevidence-based questions look a little different. The Reading section has explicit evidence-based questions that ask you about your reason for an answer to a previous question. Here’s one example of a Reading Command of Evidence question. The Writing section tests your Command of Evidence slightly differently. It typically asks whether you should make a specific revision to a passage and why, like in the following sample question: While Reading and Writing have their differences, they both call for a strong command of evidence. To improve your EBRW score a whole, you should hone this skill. Make sure you practice close reading and base your answers entirely on the text. Don’t get distracted by previous knowledge of a topic. You should be able to back up all of your answers with evidence directly from the passage if asked. As you can see from the above sample questions, you very well may be asked to do just that! #2: Study Words in Context Another similarity between Reading and Writing is that they both ask about words in context. As all of the questions are passage-based in both sections, all of the vocabulary questions require you to understand how a word is being used in context. Here’s a typical example of a vocabulary questions in the Reading section. It refers to a passage from SAT Practice Test 3. In Writing, you’ll get the passage alongside the questions so you can refer right back to a specific word or line. In the example below, #25 asks if the vocabulary word being used is the correct one. To prepare for these questions in both sections, you should make sure you understand how the meanings of words shift depending on their contexts. The words might not be especially advanced, but they often are ones that can have multiple meanings. Focus on these kinds of mid-level, multiple meaning words as you study for EBRW. Take a close look at graphs and charts to boost your EBRW score. #3: Practice Data Interpretation Questions As you read above, both sections ask you to interpret data from charts, tables, and/or graphs. These graphs will relate back to a passage. Here are examples ofdata interpretation questions from the Reading section. Since the Writing section features passages with errors, it tends to ask whether the data in a graphic is being accurately represented in its corresponding passage. If the answer’s no, it may ask you about the correct way to describe it. To prepare for Evidence-based Reading and Writing, you should practice data interpretation questions. Strengthen your skills at interpreting and describing data in graphs and charts, and keep an eye on the relationship between a passage and its corresponding graphic. Your SAT prep materials should have sample questions for you to use, and you might also practice with data interpretation questions from the Science section of ACT practice tests. #4: Read and Write Widely You just saw three specific ways that Reading and Writing questions overlap. On a more big picture level, these sections are similar because they test your understanding of the English language. By practicing reading widely and writing often, you can greatly improve your skills. As you saw, both sections select passages from various genres, mainly those that are nonfiction and argument-based. To prepare, therefore, you should practice reading not just prose, but also works from history and science. There are specific methods you can use to break down the structure of an argument or analyze an author’s word choice. When you’re not taking such an analytical approach, though, you shouldpractice reading and writing as often and possible. Over time, you'llsee gradual improvementin your reading comprehension and writing skills. #5: Be Strategic About Your Scores One final tip: remember that your final scores will be half math and half verbal. You can’t consider the Reading and Writingsections as unrelated, as your performance on both sections will affect your overall verbal score. Alsoremember that both sections contribute equally to your EBRW score. If you’re scoring consistently strong in Reading, then you might want to put more of your energy toward Writing, or vice versa. Figure out where your strengths and weaknesses lie and what question types you can study to improve your combined score. There are other important strategies you can use to study for each section individually, but these five tips are the most important ones to remember when considering the sections together as Evidence-based Reading and Writing. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! In closing, let’s review the key points you need to remember about EBRW and your SAT verbal score. Evidence-Based Reading and Writing: Final Thoughts If you take anything away from this guide, it should be this: Evidence-based Reading and Writing refers to the Reading section and Writing and Language section together. You'll get one EBRW score between 200 and 800 that makes up half of your total SAT score. Both of these sections require their own approach to prep. Reading asks about reading comprehension, while Writing asks you to be an editor and fix mistakes in grammar, organization, and punctuation. Skills and questions in both sections have some overlap, though. They’re all passage-based and emphasize command of evidence, an understanding of words in context, the ability to interpret data, and, of course, your overall English language skills. Finally, as you prep, remember that both Reading and Writing and Language factor equally into your verbal score. They’re both equally importantsections thattogether make up half of your total SAT score. What’s Next? Would you like to learn more about the Writing and Language section? Check out this guide for a full overview of the Writing section of the SAT. SAT Reading has changed a lot this year. This guide goes over the five key changes that you need to know. Do you feel like you get what the verbal sections are all about? To learn more about the Math No Calculator, check out this comprehensive guide. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Martin Luther King, Jr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martin Luther King, Jr - Essay Example Organised a non-violent protest march which served to dramatise these ugly realities of America and emphasise the nature of true democracy. He delivers the historically famous speech: â€Å"I have a dream† and he says â€Å"black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. This historical landmark highlighted the necessity of democracy that offered equal rights to all its citizens irrespective of their colour and race. The non-violent movement fought for this equality. Furthermore, he says, â€Å"Now is the tine to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all God’s children. ...all men are created equal†. So, the later part of the book starts so emphatically on the high note of equality and justice. It continues the same till 29th chapter. Racial inequality and brutality was commonplace. Notions about black were very common. But, to remove these misconceptions was the primary motive of the movement. He says, â€Å"We must use every constructive means to amass economic and political power. This is the kind of legitimate power we need. We must work to build racial pride and refute the notion that black is evil and ugly. But this must come through a program, not merely through a slogan†. Martin Luther King Jr. finds gaining political and economic power is the best way to gain what they wanted. â€Å"Black Power† was coined and put into currency. Civil rights was the motive. But, Martin Luther’s interpretation of the means to achieve Black Power was different from his contemporaries who considered militant ways. The negotiation was done so effectively that legal grounds are cited to justify the protest and March. The then Civil rights movement could have been one of the earliest instances of the voice of the voiceless, but it continues to this day in various forms, wherever prejudice or

Text analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Text analyses - Essay Example The writer introduces the topic by giving the details on Sydney Central Station. This introduction gives information on its location, the people it serves and its purpose. The same paragraph also introduces the major discussion in the text. The writer then discusses the topic in the subsequent paragraphs before making a conclusion in the last paragraph to recap the content of the body. There is a positive attempt in sentence structure and development of paragraphs. The sentences contain a noun and verb such as in â€Å"As a public sector, Sydney central station is the largest railway station in Australia.† The paragraphs have an introductory sentence and the subsequent sentences support the idea before the concluding sentence recaps them as indicated in the fifth paragraph. Right from the introductory paragraph, the writer exhibits proper coordination through appropriate use of conjunctions such as although, indeed, generally and therefore. For example, â€Å"Although Sydney central station is...† and â€Å"Therefore, in order to give some useful advises†¦Ã¢â‚¬  used to introduce a contradictory sentence and to express an eventuality respectively. There is good use of noun phrases such as â€Å"poor facilities† and â€Å"long queues†. Both simple and complex sentences have been correctly used. Examples include â€Å"Therefore, all the series of problems are to be solved† and â€Å"Typically, the Sydney central railway station is responsible for satisfying all customers and improving the high level of service† respectively. The writer uses active voice to show authority in expressing own opinion. This is seen in â€Å"In my opinion, it is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is critically used in the conclusion paragraph to stam p authority in the essay. On the other hand, the writer portrays some weaknesses in the essay. There is inappropriate use of conjunctions such as above all in â€Å"above all, the most obvious symbol of the station’s problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The writer sought

MEMO Example Essay Example for Free

MEMO Example Essay Company Name: Idea, Inc. Date: February 19, 2014 From: XXXXXXX To: MXXXX, IT Director Your absence at the meeting was greatly missed. We presented issues about why college tuition has been on the rise for the past 40 years. Here is a brief overview on the topics covered. Lack of State Funding †¢Over the past few decades state funding has not kept up with the rise of economic inflation. †¢The average inflation rate for college tuition is nearly double the economies. †¢State funding has appeared to become less over the years. Does More Money Equal to a Better College †¢Students will typically go to more expensive colleges expecting a higher degree of education. †¢University of Massachusetts Lowell and North Eastern University both offer the same high educational criteria with their Business Schools AACSB certified. Faculty Costs vs. Administrative Costs †¢The rise in administrative jobs has increased, whereas the Faculty jobs have stayed neutral. †¢Administrative Employees of the schools tend to make more money than faculty. Response If you have any comments or questions please feel free to contact me by phone during your regular business hours, or anytime through email. XXX XXXXX University Of Massachusetts Lowell Email: [emailprotected] Phone: (XXX)XXX_XXXX Company Name: Idea, Inc. Date: February 19, 2014 From: XXXXXXX To: MXXXX, IT Director Your absence at the meeting was greatly missed. We presented issues about why college tuition has been on the rise for the past 40 years. Here is a brief overview on the topics covered. Lack of State Funding †¢Over the past few decades state funding has not kept up with the rise of economic inflation. †¢The average inflation rate for college tuition is nearly double the economies. †¢State funding has appeared to become less over the years. Does More Money Equal to a Better College †¢Students will typically go to more expensive colleges expecting a higher degree of education. †¢University of Massachusetts Lowell and North Eastern University both offer the same high educational criteria with their Business Schools AACSB certified. Faculty Costs vs. Administrative Costs †¢The rise in administrative jobs has increased, whereas the Faculty jobs have stayed neutral. †¢Administrative Employees of the schools tend to make more money than faculty. Response If you have any comments or questions please feel free to contact me by phone during your regular business hours, or anytime through email. XXX XXXXX University Of Massachusetts Lowell Email: [emailprotected] Phone: (XXX)XXX_XXXX Company Name: Idea, Inc. Date: February 19, 2014 From: XXXXXXX To: MXXXX, IT Director Your absence at the meeting was greatly missed. We presented issues about why college tuition has been on the rise for the past 40 years. Here is a brief overview on the topics covered. Lack of State Funding †¢Over the past few decades state funding has not kept up with the rise of economic inflation. †¢The average inflation rate for college tuition is nearly double the economies. †¢State funding has appeared to become less over the years. Does More Money Equal to a Better College †¢Students will typically go to more expensive colleges expecting a higher degree of education. †¢University of Massachusetts Lowell and North Eastern University both offer the same high educational criteria with their Business Schools AACSB certified. Faculty Costs vs. Administrative Costs †¢The rise in administrative jobs has increased, whereas the Faculty jobs have stayed neutral. †¢Administrative Employees of the schools tend to make more money than faculty. Response If you have any comments or questions please feel free to contact me by phone during your regular business hours, or anytime through email. XXX XXXXX University Of Massachusetts Lowell Email: [emailprotected] Phone: (XXX)XXX_XXXX Company Name: Idea, Inc. Date: February 19, 2014 From: XXXXXXX To: MXXXX, IT Director Your absence at the meeting was greatly missed. We presented issues about why college tuition has been on the rise for the past 40 years. Here is a brief overview on the topics covered. Lack of State Funding †¢Over the past few decades state funding has not kept up with the rise of economic inflation. †¢The average inflation rate for college tuition is nearly double the economies. †¢State funding has appeared to become less over the years. Does More Money Equal to a Better College †¢Students will typically go to more expensive colleges expecting a higher degree of education. †¢University of Massachusetts Lowell and North Eastern University both offer the same high educational criteria with their Business Schools AACSB certified. Faculty Costs vs. Administrative Costs †¢The rise in administrative jobs has increased, whereas the Faculty jobs have stayed neutral. †¢Administrative Employees of the schools tend to make more money than faculty. Response If you have any comments or questions please feel free to contact me by phone during your regular business hours, or anytime through email. XXX XXXXX University Of Massachusetts Lowell Email: [emailprotected] Phone: (XXX)XXX_XXXX Company Name: Idea, Inc. Date: February 19, 2014 From: XXXXXXX To: MXXXX, IT Director Your absence at the meeting was greatly missed. We presented issues about why college tuition has been on the rise for the past 40 years. Here is a brief overview on the topics covered. Lack of State Funding †¢Over the past few decades state funding has not kept up with the rise of economic inflation. †¢The average inflation rate for college tuition is nearly double the economies. †¢State funding has appeared to become less over the years. Does More Money Equal to a Better College †¢Students will typically go to more expensive colleges expecting a higher  degree of education. †¢University of Massachusetts Lowell and North Eastern University both offer the same high educational criteria with their Business Schools AACSB certified. Faculty Costs vs. Administrative Costs †¢The rise in administrative jobs has increased, whereas the Faculty jobs have stayed neutral. †¢Administrative Employees of the schools tend to make more money than faculty. Response If you have any comments or questions please feel free to contact me by phone during your regular business hours, or anytime through email. XXX XXXXX University Of Massachusetts Lowell Email: [emailprotected] Phone: (XXX)XXX_XXXX Company Name: Idea, Inc. Date: February 19, 2014 From: XXXXXXX To: MXXXX, IT Director Your absence at the meeting was greatly missed. We presented issues about why college tuition has been on the rise for the past 40 years. Here is a brief overview on the topics covered. Lack of State Funding †¢Over the past few decades state funding has not kept up with the rise of economic inflation. †¢The average inflation rate for college tuition is nearly double the economies. †¢State funding has appeared to become less over the years. Does More Money Equal to a Better College †¢Students will typically go to more expensive colleges expecting a higher degree of education. †¢University of Massachusetts Lowell and North Eastern University both offer the same high educational criteria with their Business Schools AACSB certified. Faculty Costs vs. Administrative Costs †¢The rise in administrative jobs has increased, whereas the Faculty jobs have stayed neutral. †¢Administrative Employees of the schools tend to make more money than faculty. Response If you have any comments or questions please feel free to contact me by phone during your regular business hours, or anytime through email. XXX XXXXX University Of Massachusetts Lowell Email: [emailprotected] Phone: (XXX)XXX_XXXX Company Name: Idea, Inc. Date: February 19, 2014 From: XXXXXXX To: MXXXX, IT Director Your absence at the meeting was greatly missed. We presented issues about why college tuition has been on the rise for the past 40 years. Here is a brief overview on the topics covered. Lack of State Funding †¢Over the past few decades state funding has not kept up with the rise of economic inflation. †¢The average inflation rate for college tuition is nearly double the economies. †¢State funding has appeared to become less over the years. Does More Money Equal to a Better College †¢Students will typically go to more expensive colleges expecting a higher degree of education. †¢University of Massachusetts Lowell and North Eastern University both offer the same high educational criteria with their Business Schools AACSB certified. Faculty Costs vs. Administrative Costs †¢The rise in administrative jobs has increased, whereas the Faculty jobs have stayed neutral. †¢Administrative Employees of the schools tend to make more money than faculty. Response If you have any comments or questions please feel free to contact me by phone during your regular business hours, or anytime through email. XXX XXXXX University Of Massachusetts Lowell Email: [emailprotected] Phone: (XXX)XXX_XXXX

Pro War in Iraq Essay -- War Wars Argumentative persuasive Essays

Pro War in Iraq I do not subscribe to the fashionable notion of moral equivalence between all deeply-held beliefs. I believe in the rights of the individual over the collective. I believe democracy is better than dictatorship, both morally and practically. Not necessarily democracy as we or the Americans or the French practice it, but the idea that in every possible practical way, you should let people make their own decisions, and if these decisions need to be circumscribed in any way, then you should only do it with the explicit approval of a majority of the people in question. And above all that a people must be able to change governments and leaders without resorting to force.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So my ongoing position is that I am not comfortable with a world in which there are prosperous democracies and failing dictatorships, and we are supposed not to notice because somehow it would be disrespectful of the people living under the dictatorships. I don’t buy it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problem, of course, is that many peoples currently living under dictatorships might, if asked right now, come up with some deeply unpleasant policy decisions. They might even vote against democracy, saying they don’t want it. This is the worry in many countries with an Islamic fundamentalism problem: if they can get a majority the fundamentalists are committed to democracy under the slogan â€Å"one man, one vote, just this once†. That is not democracy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Democracy needs certain conditions to get started. It is an eco-system, not a single tree, you can’t just plant it and sit back in its shade. But once it is established, it is hard to uproot. People talk about democracy needing a democratic â€Å"culture†, but culture is the wrong word, it makes it sound subjective. What it really needs is a universal foundation based on respect for the individual: freedom of speech, freedom of association, primacy of the rule of law, relinquishing the use of political violence, the rights of women to participate fully in economic, social and political life. It may be the case that these values are most clearly held in Northern Europe, North America and the English-speaking world. But they are not western values: they are all founded in the primacy of the rights of the individual. Where these values have had a chance to become established in other cultures, they take root. Southern and Eastern Europe, Japan a... ... under any circumstances, is unequivocal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apart from the obvious point that all UN members are always selective about which resolutions they get involved in implementing, it is worth reading Resolution 242 itself. Sure enough, it requires â€Å"Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict†. At the same time, however, it requires â€Å"Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force.† The State referred to in the second part is, of course, Israel; the claims, threats, territorial incursions and violence are those visited on it by its neighbors since its creation and acknowledgement by the UN. The resolutions against Saddam Hussein were unilateral and unequivocal. They are materially different from resolutions that present a package of requirements that have to be carried out by both sides in a conflict, and whose implementation is going to require the cooperation of both sides.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And there you have it. I think the intervention is morally justified, practically required, and legally based.

Hacking and Cybercrime Essay

The Symantec Global Internet Security Threat Report noted a shift in malicious activity to be emerging. The growing level of malicious code activity has also resulted in the proposal of a new cybercrime bill. Malicious activity tends to increase in rapid growth in broadband infrastructure and connectivity. In January 2010, reports emerged that dozens of large companies had been compromised by attackers using the Hydra Trojan. Typically, this type of attack begins with some reconnaissance on the part of attackers. Typically, this type of attack begins with some reconnaissance on the part of attackers. This can include publicly available information about the company and its employees, such as from social networking sites. This information is then used to create specifically crafted phishing email messages, often referred to as spear phishing, that target the company or even specific staff members. These email messages often contain attachments that exploit vulnerabilities in client-side application or links to websites that exploit vulnerabilities in web browsers or browser plug-ins. In 2009, 60 percent of identities exposed were compromised by hacking attacks. Which are another form of targeted attack. The hackers gained access to the company payment processing network using an SQL injection attack. The attackers then installed malicious code design to gather sensitive information from the network, which allowed them to easily access the network at their convenience. The attacks resulted in the theft of approximately 130 million credit card numbers. Web-based attacks have replaced the mass mailing worm in this position. Attackers may use social engineering, such as in spam messages, to lure a user to a website that exploit browser and plug-in vulnerabilities. These attacks are then used to install malicious code or other applications such as rogue security software on the victim’s computer. Four of the top five being exploited were client-side vulnerabilities were frequently targeted by web-based attacks. Two of these vulnerabilities were in Adobe Reader, while one was in Microsoft Internet Explorer and the fourth was in an Active X Control. A Crimeware Kit is a toolkit that that allows people to customize a piece of malicious code design to steal data and other person personal information. Crimeware Kits like zues make it easier for unskilled attackers to compromise computers and steal information. These kit allow anyone who buys them to customize them to their own needs. The SpyEye Kit, is addition to stealing information, also has the ability to detect if a computer already has Zues installed and if so, to intercept its communications. Fragus Exploit Kit contains mechanisms to prevent buyers from reselling their copies of it. A side effect of these kits is the creation of tens of thousands of new malicious code variants that may only be seen by a single user. The volume of financial services spam also remained relatively unchanged in 2009, while the levels of financially oriented spam and phishing have remained relatively constant despite the recent economic downturn, attackers have made adjustments in their tactics. Symantec observed more messages advertising refinancing of debts and mortgages along with offers of loans or opportunities to earn money while working from home. This shows that attackers are able to rapidly adapt their social engineering techniques to better take advantage of current events and situations. Symantec expects attacks against web browsers and malicious code variants installed through these attacks to increase. One of the botnets linked to this ISP was Pandex. This botnet was responsible for as much as 35 percent of spam observed globally before dropping to 8 percent after the ISP was shut down. Spam Zombies that lack a critical command system are unable to send out spam. Additionally, a security researcher allegedly attacked and disabled 250,000 computers associated with the Ozdok botnet. The volume of spam sent by both botnets recovered several days afterwards because unaffected zombies were instructed to significantly increase their spam output, indicating that these events may have been a large factor in the decrease of spam zombies in the United States. Symantec advises end users to use antivirus software, antispam software, firewalls, tool bar blockers, and other software- detection methods. Symantec also advises end users to never disclose any confidential personal or financial information unless and until they can confirm that any request for such information is legitimate.

Sample Imc Plan

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This integrated marketing communications plan outlines communication tactics that will be used to raise awareness & to introduce Azimuth Watch Company's new range of products to the public. This IMC plan will be used to achieve the marketing ; communications objectives of this plan, as well as address some of the issues ; challenges surrounding the introduction ; success of this new range ; the company by discussing key areas such as brand positioning, pricing strategies ; targeting.II INTRODUCTION Azzimuth Watch Company strives to provide their customers with timeless pieces hemmed with exquisite ; detailed designs with excellent quality to boot. Since its genssis in 2003, a few product lines have been released but the desired reception was unachieved. Azzimuth Watch Company has to be repositioned ; branded in such a way that potential customers will receive ; understand.By introducing the target marketing process ; various specific elements of which, such as th e identifying of unfulfilled needs, market segmentation, selection of a target market ; positioning, the examination of Azzimuth Watch Company's marketing process can be done properly to identify how else to better its branding effectiveness to eventually obtain the goal of penetrating the market with desired results. As such, Azzimuth can grow into a leading brand for its products, delivering effectively what they have planned. III COMPANY PROFILEBased in Singapore since 2003, Azzimuth Watch Company has its products manufactured in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on the concept to design, manufacture & distribute a wide range of quality wristwatches to complement any individual's selected lifestyle. Tied closely with what an azimuth is, it plays up to the concept in which it is used in many practical applications, such as astronomy, mapping ; navigation. Azzimuth is heavily influenced by science ; how it explains the way almost everything in the world works, ; its aim is to pro duce wristwatches that are adaptable to different cultures with the irm basis of science ; logic. Azzimuth represents a philosophy of the blending of science ; lifestyle-in many different ways possible. IV. SITUATION ANALYSIS 4. 1 SWOT Analysis Strengths: 1. Only company with unique philosophy of blending science ; lifestyle with timepieces. 2. Products are made in Switzerland. 3. varied offerings to diverse segments with a clear cut positioning 4. international tie-ups with Tommy Hilfiger Weaknesses: 1. Lack of huge media campaign even after 8 years of its launch 2. Higher prices compared to other brands like Swatch or Casio. 3.Current survey reveal more focus on expansion than quality 4. brand equity is not created Opportunity: 1. Increase in demand for luxury goods in a fast-paced ; advancing country like Singapore 2. Presence of a monopoly, being the first ; only Singapore based luxury watch company in this country. Threats: 1. Premium international watch brands such as Citizen, ; Omega entered in Singapore. 2. Mobile phones acting as substitutes for watches. 3. As Singaporean market is widely open to importations, it will be difficult for local players to maintain a sustainable growth. . Customer satisfaction level below competitors 5. Expansive advertisements ; promotions done by competitors. 4. 2 Competitor Analysis Two such competitors that Azzimuth is facing are Citizen ; Omega. These 2 brands are well known for being a few of the world's largest producers of watches. The Citizen Skyhawk A-T line of watches features Radio Controlled Timekeeping. The watches can synchronize with radio clocks in Japan, North America, and Europe and will automatically select the correct frequency for doing so based upon location of home time zone.Citizen watches also incorporates the eco-drive technology which means that their watches will never require batteries. Omega also has its reputation for having been NASA's choice of watches ; was also the first watch on the moo n in 1969. It has also been the official timekeeping device for the Olympic Games since 1932. A large number of celebrities have also been endorsed by Omega, such as Daniel Craig, George Clooney, Zhang ZIyi ; Cindy Crawford. Both companies also focus on manufacturing timepieces ; have managed to uncover various product ranges with a very wide product line choice.As such, what these companies have done for themselves grants them the competitive advantage over Azzimuth. 4. 3 Current Marketing What the marketing efforts of Azzimuth Watch Company are lacking of are a stronger character ; identity. Its current advertising efforts consists only of print media on public spaces, such as bus stops, magazines ; newspapers. A few magazines have written print reviews or articles on Azzimuth's products & the danger in such is that magazine publications might place their products next to another competitor's product. By doing so, consumers might tend to compare the products.The only few publicati ons that have been approached for page space for Azzimuth are Style, 8 Days. I-Weekly ; The Newpaper. The limited amount of advertising space may hinder Azzimuth's original message from being brought across. By having only print advertisements, there is only so much of Azzimuth's message that are revealed to consumers. A good written review might not be as believable if the company's identity & character is not made prominent & consumer awareness is not high. 4. 4 Statement of Problems There are a lot of problems that Azzimuth is facing right now in respect to its marketing communication efforts.These problems hinder Azzimuth from excelling & becoming the ideal brand that they wish due to the loopholes in their MC efforts. The few such problems are: i) poor brand awareness ii)poor brand identity iii)heavy competition against other established brands iv)poor marketing positioning Due to limited marketing efforts, Azzimuth is not able to raise its brand awareness. The poor placing of the brand (& in advertisements) also hinders potential target consumers from being exposed to their products. The brand itself is then unable to be prominent in the horology industry.When unable to position itself evidently in the horology industry & in consumer's minds, Azzimuth then fails to achieve its desired goals, driving the company down an negative path. V. Marketing Objectives The few objectives that Azzimuth Watch Company is looking to achieve are as follows: i) Efficiently establishing a strong brand identity in the Singaporean market ii) Increasing brand awareness ii) Introduce new range of products efficiently in Singaporean market iv) Incorporate Corporate Social Responsibility v) Achieve sales of 12,000 units of new range of products within the year 2012If planned strategically ; marketing communications is utilised effectively, these objectives can be brought about. Current awareness of Azzimuth in Singapore is very low as it is not recognized easily ; consumers do n ot easily identify with the brand ; its products. When the brand awareness is raised, the amount of sales ; profits will most definitely increase. On top of that, people will be able to recognise the brand, improving its reputation. A strong brand identity also allows for consumers to retain ; deem the brand credible.If Azzimuth succeeds in sending a strong visual message used throughout all their business ; marketing communications will keep them a step ahead of their competition. Having a consistent visual identity throughout all of their business ; marketing communications will have them at the forefront of existing ; potential consumers' minds when they have a need for Azzimuth's products or services. Stability can also be achieved if Azzimuth successfully develops a functional brand identity as it gives the impression that their business is dedicated to the horology industry that they serve.Essentially, the main marketing objective is to introduce ; position accurately the new range of Azzimuth products in the local market ; eventually hit a sales figure of 12,000 timepieces in 2012. VI. STRATEGY ; IMPLEMENTATION The contemplated strategy for Azzimuth Watch Company is to put its marketing communications options to the best use by first effectively introducing ; implementing itself into the market, caving its position in the consumers' minds, & finally, its new range of products. 6. 1 Target AudienceBy target audience profiling, it will help Azzimuth make better, more consistent costumer decisions about how to best market & sell. It also makes it possible for the staff to treat customers more consistently because everyone is working from the same comprehensive knowledge. When Azzimuth determines its target audience, it can scale their marketing communication efforts thus customise the intended message to their target audience effectively. The prime target audience of Azzimuth are the opulent individuals who afford & prefer to indulge in luxury products as a lifestyle choice.These individuals include working class females & males with an annual income ranging from S$80, 000 & above. An ideal advertising medium for this target audience would be the internet as these individuals are also busy professionals in their respective fields. Due to their hectic work & social schedules, it is not likely for them to pick up local lifestyle magazines that are catered for the average market. 6. 2 Brand Image & Positioning As a luxury watchmaker, Azzimuth faces intense competition from other established watch brands such as Rolex, Tag Heuer, Swatch etc.By having a unique brand image, Azzimuth will be able to separate itself from other brand peers, hence establishing itself as a unique section of the market. According to Jay Ehret (2009), brands are not concrete; they are the thoughts, feelings & psychological relationships between a business & a customer, & that a brand is the foundation of all its marketing activities. Branding serves as a internal compass of focus & that if a business is clearly branded, it has an understanding of what it is about. Over time, a stronger business identity will be built.Azzimuth can adopt the brand image of a ‘science ; logic'. Despite close competitors having developed product lines with different motivations & philosophies, Azzimuth can be the first brand that emphasises the simple but fundamental philosophy of how things can be easily explained with science & logic. Rather than just being a simple luxury brand, playing up to this philosophy gives consumers a chance to associate themselves with products derived from intellect. Consumers usually purchase products with their emotions, rather than logically.With a strong branding image, Azzimuth can position themselves as the distinctive watchmaker that provides consumers with a wide range of luxury products made of high quality with a unique philosophy, setting them apart from other watchmakers in the Singaporean market. 6. 3 New Product s Azzimuth's new range of products caters to the pivot in their target consumers, focusing on minimalistic designs, with the motivation being that individuals from all walks of life can opt for a luxurious yet simple timepiece that eludes style. 6. Pricing Stratergy The pricing strategy for Azzimuth's new range of products is Mazimum Market Skimming. In this approach whereby Azzimuth sets a high price for its new high-end product so to obtain maximum revenue from the market before substitute products appear. This pricing strategy is ideal as it complements the luxurious image of the brand as it is unlikely for its target audience to prefer purchasing timepieces that are very lowly priced. The high price will set it apart from its peers by delivering the image of a exceptional product.VII. Recommended IMC Strategy With proper planning in advertising, consumers will be able to perceive a brand positively. Azzimuth has to take a multi-pronged approach to their advertising methods for i ts brand name to be rooted in the consumers' minds. The initial strategy is for Azzimuth to establish its brand identity, constitute its brand image ; finally, re-position themselves as a brand of luxury watches that are adaptable to different cultures with the firm basis of science ; logic.The proposed timeline for the execution of the recommended IMC strategy is 12 months, split into 3 phases. The first 4 months of the strategy will pay close attention to positioning the brand image in the hearts ; minds of consumers ; increasing brand awareness. Starting with a series of print advertisments carefully designed to appeal to their needs ; wants, this first phase's target is to re-position Azzimuth as a brand of timepieces with scientific philosophy & luxurious appeal.Concertedly with this launch of fresh print advertisements will be the implementation of product testimonials & placements. Celebrities like Beyonce will share their experiences on their preference for Azzimuth's produc ts, while the product will also be placed carefully in the movie series Ocean's Trilogy. Exposure of this product to millions of movie-watchers will ensure ample advertisement for it. The next trimester of the strategy will consist of a next series of print advertisements & TV commercials with similar outdoor print advertisements to follow.American actor & film producer Adrien Brody, who became the youngest actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor will be endorsed to portray Azzimuth as â€Å"The Ideal Option† for luxurious watches. Also included would be a TV commercial of Brody highlighting his preference for Azzimuth's product range. Similarly, Brody will be featured in an exclusive interview on Azzimuth's official webpage, speaking in-depth on his passion for exclusive luxury watches & the reason behind it & why Azzimuth is his ideal option. Finally, the last phase of this strategy traversing over 4 months ill involve the setting up of a segment on Azzimuth's officia l website, educating potential watch-buyers on what to look out for in their next purchase. A forum will also be set up separately for Azzimuth watch owners to share their product choices ; opinions. 7. 1 Broadcasting media: Product Placement The Ocean's Trilogy combines well-known elements from heist films & con artist films. Azzimuth will be able to increase its brand awareness by placing its brand in a highly popular movie that is watched by all ages & consumer groups worldwide. . 2 Print Advertising: Print Media Azzimuth is currently only utilising print media efforts in Direct Publicity & technical reviews. On top of the high possibility of its products being placed directly next to a competitor's, these reviews are written from a third-person perspective ; may not be ample for consumers to be convinced to purchase Azzimuth's products. Such reviews do not directly send the intended message to consumers, let alone communicate the brand's identity ; image.The placement of their r eviews are also only in lifestyle magazines that perhaps most established individuals do not peruse as they are used to their lifestyle whereby they peruse luxurious lifestyle magazines. Hence, Azzimuth Watch Company must design ; release a series of print advertisements on the correct portal to allow successful communications with their target audience. Fig 7: Impression of new Azzimuth Print Advertisement The tagline ‘Perfect Symmetry' collates ; sends across the message of Azzimuth's intended brand identity & image.The term ‘symmetry' implies Azzimuth's new range of products whereby minimalism takes place heavily. 7. 3 Celebrity Endorsements: Adrien Brody famous people eat, drink, travel, go shopping and generally behave like normal consumers, albeit ones with much greater spending power and the ability to influence the buying decisions of others simply by what they choose to buy for themselves. This aspirational effect, whereby people seek to emulate their favorite c elebrities, presents a golden opportunity for brands.Endorsing a celebrity provides two important things for Azzimuth: Aspiration ; Credibility. In today's competitive marketplace, a perceived celebrity endorsement can give Azzimuth the product or service the instant recognition & legitimacy that would normally take years to earn. Adrien Brody has built a successful reputation for himself by being the youngest winner for an Academy Award for Best Actor & also the only American that has won a french Cesar Award. He has also made his debut as a runway model for Prada. IX. ConclusionIn today's fast-paced environment, companies have to pay special attention to how they communicate with their target consumer groups. Consumers have developed a need for knowledge ; information before a purchase ; this has become a necessary process as consumers desire to know they are making a well-informed purchase. Hence, it is vital to comprehend their target consumer groups completely. With this inform ation, they can integrate a substantial ; suitable IMC plan to help companies branch out to their target audience ; be prepared for any consumer responses.

The Power of the Declaration essays

The Power of the Declaration essays Power and The Declaration of Independence There are many abstractions in the Declaration of Independence. These abstractions such as: rights, freedom, liberty and happiness have become the foundations of American society and have helped to shape the American Identity. Power, another abstraction that reoccurs in all the major parts of the Declaration of Independence plays an equally important role in shaping American Identity. One forgets the abstraction of power, because it appears in relation to other institutions: the legislature, the King, the earth, and the military. The abstraction of power sets the tone of the Declaration, and shapes the colonists conception of government and society. Power in the Declaration of Independence flows from distinct bodies within society such as the King, the legislature, the military, and the colonists. The English Dictionary defines power as, the ability to do or effect something or anything, or to act upon a person or thing. Throughout the ages according to the dictionary the word power has connoted similar meanings. In 1470 the word power meant to have strength and the ability to do something. Nearly three hundred years later in 1785 the word power carried the same meaning of control, strength, and force, power to produce an effect, supposes power not to produce it; otherwise it is not power but necessity. This definition explains how the power of government and social institutions rests in their ability to command people, rocks, colonies to do something they otherwise would not do. To make people pay taxes. To make the rocks form into a fence. To make the colonists honor the king. The colonialists adopt this interpretation of power. They see power as a cruel force that has wedded them to a king who has a history of repeated injuries and usurpations. The framers of t he Declaration of Independence also believe that po...

Make Chemical Fire Without Matches or a Lighter

Make Chemical Fire Without Matches or a Lighter No matches or lighter are needed to start a fire. Here are four ways to  make one using chemical reactions.  Each of these techniques is simple and requires only three chemicals each. Chemical Fire #1 Potassium permanganateGlycerinWater Add a few drops of glycerin to a few crystals of potassium permanganate. Accelerate the reaction by adding a couple of drops of water. Chemical Fire #2 AcetoneSulfuric acidPotassium permanganate Soak a tissue with acetone to make it more flammable. Next, draw sulfuric acid into a glass pipette. Dip the pipette into potassium permanganate so that the tip of the pipette is coated with a few crystals. Dispense the sulfuric acid onto the tissue. The potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid will mix to produce manganese heptoxide and fire. Chemical Fire #3 Sodium chlorateSugarSulfuric acid Mix a small amount of sodium chlorate and sugar. Initiate the reaction by adding a few drops of sulfuric acid. Chemical Fire #4 Ammonium nitrate powderFinely ground zinc powderHydrochloric acid Mix together a small amount of ammonium nitrate and zinc powder. Initiate the reaction by adding a few drops of hydrochloric acid. Chemical Fire Safety If you are performing a demonstration of chemical fire using any of these reactions, use very small amounts of the chemicals listed for each project. Wear proper safety gear and work on a fire-safe surface. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Healthcare Delivery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Healthcare Delivery - Essay Example Also, as identified by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the governments of the different countries are responsible for shaping health insurance markets of their respective countries. Governments either directly develop and implement the programs or take the help of insurance companies to identify, develop and implement these various programs to reach millions of people. Like every other country, the US also has identified the need for implementing health care programs for its citizens. The Medicaid program of South Carolina is different from the US Medicaid program in that it offers four different options for health care and is developed with the needs of the local residents in mind. According to the state's plan, while the existing primary care case management networks offer the regular services as the national Medicaid program, the new programs offer pharmacy benefits and durable medical equipment along with the mandatory Medicaid services. Canada has a medicare program for almost its entire population and is called Medicare program with 13 integrated health insurance plans which share certain common features and basic standards of coverage. The percent of the national health economy spent on providing is lesser in Canada and almost double in the US. South Carolina's new Medicaid program can be considered to be more effective than the federal government's Medicaid program in terms of increased power of negotiation and increase in choice of the plans to the beneficiary. However, it can still draw from the Canadian program to make it more effective and reduce costs and wait time while improving the quality and increase coverage. Table of Contents- 1. Introduction 2. Why healthcare 3. Healthcare in South Carolina 4. Comparing with Canada's National Health Insurance 5. Conclusion and recommendations References 1. Introduction- The needs of every citizen considered under the purview of health care are addressed either individually or collectively by the different private and public bodies. There are various medical facilities and regulations for providing basic and high-end medical care to almost every citizen in each country. Dealt wither by private or public bodies it involves costs to provide for the medical and health care facilities. OECD has regulations for providing health care to the different strata of the society and regions. In this paper we would discuss the health care programs of two different places, South Carolina and Canada, how they differ and why Canada's National Health Insurance scheme is much desired by those in the United States. A brief of the health care programs and their implementation in the different regions and the success of each of them would be studied. Further, the problems faced in implementing the programs and the recommendations for improvements are also made. 2. Why Health care World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" (McKenzie, et al, 2004, p5). The health of a nation's population depends on the effective utilization of the